Sterilization

Sterilization is a permanent method of birth control, and an effective way to prevent pregnancy (although nothing is 100% perfect).

Because sterilization is permanent, you need to be very certain of your decision. You should not make this decision during times of stress, or under pressure from others. Unfortunately some people later regret their decision, and would like to have more children. Attempting to reverse sterilization does not always work, and requires major surgery and great expense.

Both women and men can undergo permanent sterilization. The procedure for men is called a vasectomy. The vas deferens ( the tubes leading from the testes to the urethra) are tied, cut and sealed to prevent the release of sperm in the semen. A vasectomy is usually done in the doctor's office. The man can go home later that day. For 2 -3 days after the procedure there may be some swelling and discomfort. He should rest, apply ice packs to reduce the swelling and wear an athletic supporter ("jock strap") to ease the discomfort.

A vasectomy is NOT effective right away. It can take 1 - 3 months for the semen to become totally free of sperm. Sterilization for women can be done by laparoscopy, minilaparotomy, or hysteroscopy. It can be done after a vaginal delivery, at the same time as a cesarean section, or unrelated to child birth. Hysteroscopic sterilization can be done in the office (Essure Procedure), and does not require general anesthesia or an incision. A small coil is placed in the fallopian tube and causes scar tissue to build up in the tubes to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. Recovery is very quick. Most women return to normal activities later in the day of the procedure or the next day.

Tubal ligation procedures require anesthesia, and a small incision or two to allow the fallopian tubes to be burned, cut, tied or sealed with a device like a clip or a fallope ring to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. As with any surgery - there are always risks of pain or complications.

Sterilization can be a very effective and lifelong means of birth control form both men and women. Discuss your questions about sterilization, or reversible methods of birth control with your doctor.